The rose is the most popular garden flower today, highly valued all over the world for its form, its scent, and its colour. This is a recent phenomenon: roses only acquired their present popularity after about 1820. Pinks and auriculas, for example, were more highly esteemed flowers in the 18th century. Nevertheless, the last two centuries have seen tremendous progress in the raising of new roses by cross-breeding and selection. New types have arisen and the season has been prolonged to such an extent that many modern roses flower continuously.
They are short bushes whose flowers repeat constantly: in hot climates they are ever-blooming. When they were introduced to the West and widely distributed, from about 1750 onwards, they gave rise to a European-raised clutch of hybrids which are known as China roses. Examples include Tabvier' and 'Hermosa'. Tea roses are similar to China roses, and share their hybrid ancestry.
Garden roses are grouped in two ways: according to their habits of growth (for example, shrub roses, climbers, their ancestry (Teas, Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Sweetbriars). These groups are not always clear, and they often overlap.
We know from recent DNA tests that the early Damask roses like `Kazanlik.' and 'York and Lancaster' result from the cross (Rosa gallica x Rosa moschata) x Rosa ficltschenkoana, which means that they probably originated in central Asia and only found their way to Europe as economic migrants. They are very hardy and prickly, with a lax habit of growth and soft green or grey-green leaves. They grow to 1.5-2m (4-6ft). Forms were selected over the years for their larger flowers and greater number of petals, but an important new form occurred in about 1620 - 'Quatre Saisons'.
The autumn-flowering Damasks, sometimes known as `Damask Perpetuals', gave rise to two very important developments - the Moss roses and the Portlands. Mossiness is mutation that has occurred several times in the history of the rose, whereby the sepals, calyces and pedicels are covered in a growth that resembles moss. This moss is hard to the touch and sticky, and it smells of resin. Moss roses were widely bred and selected by French breeders in the middle of the 19th century, especiallY by the nursery of Moreau & Robert. Some are repeat-flowerers, others only once-flowering. Good examples are 'William Lobb', 'Henri Martin', and `Sales'.
The Portland roses are repeat-flowering roses that descend either from the original `Portland Rose' or from hybrids between Gallicas and repeat-flowering Damasks. 'Rose du Roi' and 'Yolande d'Axagon' are good examples, though many of the later Portland roses (like 'Comte de Chambord') are thought to have a touch of China rose in their ancestry.
Noisette roses are hardy climbing roses or semi-climbers, with masses of small flowers in large clusters, produced all through the growing season, or continuously in hot climates.
The Bourbon roses get their name from the dc Bourbon (now Reunion) where the original 'Bourbon Rose' is said to have occurred as a spontaneous hybrid between 'Old Blush' and 'Quatre Saisons'. They are repeat-flowering roses that descend either from the original or from similar crosses between China roses and repeat-flowering Damasks. They are 2-3m (6-1 Oft)tall, with an open habit, glossy leaves, and large, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers.
They are short bushes whose flowers repeat constantly: in hot climates they are ever-blooming. When they were introduced to the West and widely distributed, from about 1750 onwards, they gave rise to a European-raised clutch of hybrids which are known as China roses. Examples include Tabvier' and 'Hermosa'. Tea roses are similar to China roses, and share their hybrid ancestry.
Garden roses are grouped in two ways: according to their habits of growth (for example, shrub roses, climbers, their ancestry (Teas, Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Sweetbriars). These groups are not always clear, and they often overlap.
We know from recent DNA tests that the early Damask roses like `Kazanlik.' and 'York and Lancaster' result from the cross (Rosa gallica x Rosa moschata) x Rosa ficltschenkoana, which means that they probably originated in central Asia and only found their way to Europe as economic migrants. They are very hardy and prickly, with a lax habit of growth and soft green or grey-green leaves. They grow to 1.5-2m (4-6ft). Forms were selected over the years for their larger flowers and greater number of petals, but an important new form occurred in about 1620 - 'Quatre Saisons'.
The autumn-flowering Damasks, sometimes known as `Damask Perpetuals', gave rise to two very important developments - the Moss roses and the Portlands. Mossiness is mutation that has occurred several times in the history of the rose, whereby the sepals, calyces and pedicels are covered in a growth that resembles moss. This moss is hard to the touch and sticky, and it smells of resin. Moss roses were widely bred and selected by French breeders in the middle of the 19th century, especiallY by the nursery of Moreau & Robert. Some are repeat-flowerers, others only once-flowering. Good examples are 'William Lobb', 'Henri Martin', and `Sales'.
The Portland roses are repeat-flowering roses that descend either from the original `Portland Rose' or from hybrids between Gallicas and repeat-flowering Damasks. 'Rose du Roi' and 'Yolande d'Axagon' are good examples, though many of the later Portland roses (like 'Comte de Chambord') are thought to have a touch of China rose in their ancestry.
Noisette roses are hardy climbing roses or semi-climbers, with masses of small flowers in large clusters, produced all through the growing season, or continuously in hot climates.
The Bourbon roses get their name from the dc Bourbon (now Reunion) where the original 'Bourbon Rose' is said to have occurred as a spontaneous hybrid between 'Old Blush' and 'Quatre Saisons'. They are repeat-flowering roses that descend either from the original or from similar crosses between China roses and repeat-flowering Damasks. They are 2-3m (6-1 Oft)tall, with an open habit, glossy leaves, and large, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers.
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